No. Studies have shown that neurofeedback can alter brain function in cats, rats, and monkeys. What is most important is that a reward or signal is given when the desired brain response is shown. The cats, rats, and monkeys were not trying to change their brains. They just liked it when they got rewards. However, we always want the person who is training to understand as best he/she can and to want to reach the goals or outcomes for training that have been established. The whole process makes much more sense if you understand that you can do better in life if you improve the brain function in the part of the brain involved in those functions. For example, “I want to be able to pay better attention when I play baseball. The front part of my brain helps me pay attention. So I want to make that part of my brain stronger so my attention is better.”